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Saturated and trans fats are known to have a significant impact on cholesterol levels in the body. When consumed, these fats are linked to an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol. Elevated levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases as they contribute to the build-up of plaque in the arteries.

Saturated fats are typically found in animal products such as meat and dairy, as well as in some plant oils like coconut and palm oil. Trans fats, often found in partially hydrogenated oils used in many processed foods, have been shown to not only increase LDL cholesterol but also to lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which is considered "good" cholesterol. This dual action further exacerbates the risk of heart disease.

Understanding the relationship between dietary fats and cholesterol levels is crucial for effective dietary recommendations and managing health outcomes related to heart health. Thus, the assertion that saturated and trans fats may increase blood cholesterol levels aligns with established nutritional science.